A University of Birmingham study, published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) in 2023, analyzed 30 over-the-counter home health tests, revealing significant concerns about accuracy and clarity of instructions. The tests, costing between £1.89 and £39.99, covered various conditions including bowel cancer, vitamin deficiencies, and menopause. Only 14 kits provided accuracy statements, and less than a quarter offered clear guidance on next steps. Nearly half advised consultation with a healthcare professional regardless of results, potentially burdening the NHS.

Professor Jon Deeks criticized current regulations as insufficient to protect consumers, emphasizing the need for accurate, user-friendly tests with clear instructions. The BMJ highlighted that the market, projected to reach £660m by 2030, risks widening health inequalities by prioritizing purchasing power over clinical need. The Royal College of Pathologists warned of potential "false reassurance" and unnecessary NHS consequences from poor-quality tests. The MHRA stated it is "overhauling" safety standards and exploring transparency measures, including requiring published summaries of clinical evidence.

Impact Statement: The findings could lead to increased regulation of the home health testing market in the UK to ensure accuracy, clarity, and equitable access to testing.